In the vibrant tapestry of Assam's culture, where traditions and customs are woven with threads of history, the bell metal industry stands out as a shining beacon of heritage. At the heart of this industry lies the beloved Kahi Baati, a traditional Assamese utensil that embodies the essence of Assamese life. Crafted from bell metal, an alloy of copper and tin, the Kahi Baati is more than just a utensil—it's a symbol of Assamese identity, pride, and tradition.Sarthebari, a quaint town in the Bajali district of Assam, is where the magic happens. Known as the hub of the bell metal industry, Sarthebari is home to skilled artisans who have been practicing this craft for generations. The industry here is not just a livelihood but a way of life, with nearly 40% of the town's population relying on it. These craftsmen, known as 'Kahar,' work with dedication and precision, adhering to age-old techniques that have been passed down through the centuries. The tools they use, though ancient, are still effective in shaping the glowing metal into beautiful and functional objects that are cherished in Assamese households.
The roots of this craft run deep, tracing back to the 7th century AD. Historical records tell us that the bell metal industry in Assam flourished during the reign of Kumarbhaskarvarman, the king of the Varman Dynasty. It was during this time that bell metal drinking vessels were gifted to Harshavardhana of Kannauj, marking the beginning of a legacy that would endure for centuries. The skill of Assamese bell metal craftsmen was also recognized by Hiuen Tsang, the famous Chinese scholar, who was gifted a pair of 'Bhortal' cymbals during his visit to Kamrup. These ancient records are a testament to the long-standing tradition of bell metal craftsmanship in Assam.In Assamese culture, bell metal utensils are more than mere objects—they are deeply embedded in the spiritual and social practices of the community. Whether it's the Shakta's Puja, the Vaisnava's Prasanga, or Buddhist worship, bell metal utensils are revered and used with great respect. When a girl is married, it is customary for her parents to present her with bell metal utensils, ensuring that she carries a piece of her cultural heritage into her new home.
The belief in the medicinal properties of bell metal adds another layer of significance to these utensils. Many Assamese people, along with others across India, believe that consuming food from bell metal utensils can help treat intestinal conditions and cleanse the body of unwanted minerals. This belief, rooted in ancient practices, continues to influence the way people use and value these utensils today.The Ahom royalty of Assam, too, recognized the value of bell metal. They used Maihang Kahi and Maihang Bati, utensils that were considered invaluable and are still used today to serve esteemed guests, symbolizing respect and honor. This tradition of using bell metal utensils in important social and religious ceremonies has been faithfully maintained over the centuries.One of the most touching traditions involving bell metal utensils is the Annaprasanna ceremony, where a baby is fed solid food for the first time. The first meal is served in a bell metal utensil, a practice that has been followed for generations. The utensil is often a gift from the baby's maternal grandparents, filled with love and blessings. This tradition not only marks an important milestone in the baby's life but also reinforces the cultural importance of bell metal in Assamese society.
The social significance of bell metal extends beyond the home. In Assam, it is customary to gift a sarai, a bell metal tray, to honor someone as a token of respect and love. The sarai, along with its variation, the bota, plays a crucial role in religious ceremonies, where it is used to make offerings to the gods. These objects, with their timeless beauty and cultural significance, continue to hold a special place in Assamese hearts.In a momentous occasion for Assam's cultural heritage, the ancient art of bell metal crafting was recently awarded the Geographical Indication (GI) tag. This recognition has brought immense pride to the artisans of Sarthebari and the people of Assam, reaffirming the importance of this craft in the region's cultural landscape. As Assam continues to honor its traditions and customs, the bell metal industry remains a symbol of craftsmanship, heritage, and pride.
